Tourism Industry In Indonesia Politics Essay

Tourism Industry In Indvirtuososia Politics demonst stepUnity in Diversity, is the national motto of Indonesia, is a term that strikes thickset into the heart of this dynamic and attractive Southeast Asian nation. Few endues lead such cultural variety and geographical complexity as Indonesia, and no ii journeys here ar eer a handle.Location, Geography and ClimateIndonesia is tranquil of seventeen thousand islands that stretch oer five thousand miles along the equator. The Malay Peninsula and Indochina argon situated to the north-west, and the continent of Australia stays due south. Northward lie the Philippines and Micronesia.The human macrocosmss bounteousst archipelago, Indonesias constellation of islands straddles the divide between the Asian and Australian continental plates. As a expiration, the islands offer a stunning variety of topographies and ecologies Mist-shrouded vol green goddessoes and mountains, unexplored come down forests, thousands of miles of beache s, and endless offshore reefs support a dazzling copiousness of wildlife, qualification Indonesia an ideal destination for adventure and eco-travel.The great major(ip)ity of the kingdoms constituent islands argon of negligible size, hardly when it does holdwholly or in partseveral(prenominal) islands that argon great. These include Sumatra, Kalimantan ( impresserly Borneo, and divided up with Malaysia), Sunatural lawesi, and Java. The Indonesian state of Irian Jaya occupies the western half of New Guinea, which is the worlds second enlargedst island (behind Greenland). The nigh populous of the Indonesian islands by far is Java, home to the sprawling chief city city of Jakarta. Other notable islands include the exotic, popular resort island of Bali, Lombok, Catholic Flores, and Komodo, home of dragons. http//www.geographia.com/indonesia/indo2.jpgThere ar two discernible seasons in Indonesia the modify season, which extends from June to October, and the rainy season, whi ch lasts from November to March. Both be hot. The coastal divisions, however, are often cool, and in the mountains the air is often chilly.Overview of the countryIndonesia is one of the largest countries in south-east Asia, between the Indian ocean and the pacific ocean which contain mainly craggy and coered with rain forests, swamps and consists over 1ccc0 islands. Jakarta is the capital of Indonesia. Jakarta, capital of Indonesia and the countrys largest technical centimeer. Indonesia declared its independence on 17th august 1945 from Japan but Netherlands agreed to transfer sovereignty in 1949. Susilo Bambang is the chairperson and Muhammad Yusuf kalla is the vice-president of Indonesia. Bahasa is the authoritative address in Indonesia which is modified path of Malay but the closely widely spoken language is Javan. 88% of Indonesians macrocosms are Muslim. It has a very large trading environment, with several countries ranging in harvestings from gas to textiles. 22 % of its populations lived below want line.Flag of Indonesia-http//8bahasa-indonesia-ccc.wikispaces.com/file/view/indonesia_flag.jpg/307489752/351227/indonesia_flag.jpgDemographic profile of Indonesiamhtmlfile//HFOLDER1GCRIndonesia%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20 impec back tootht%20encyclopedia.mhthttp//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Indonesia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/250px-Indonesia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.pngAccording to the 2010 national census, the population of Indonesia 237.6 one one thousand thousand million, with highschool population ripening at 1.9%. 58% of the population lives on java, the worlds intimately populous island. Despite a fairly effective family intentionning class that has been in view since the 1960s, population is expected to grow to around 265 million by 2020 and 306 million by 2050.There are around 300 native ethnic group in Indonesia, and 742 different languages and dialects. Most of Indonesians are descended from Austronesia- speaking heap whose languages can be traced to proto-Austronesia (PAN), which possibly originated in Taiwan. an early(a)(pre titulary) major grouping is Melanesians, who inhabit eastern Indonesia. The largest ethnic group is the Javanese, who plant 42% of the population, and are politically and culturally dominant. The Sudanese, ethnic Malays, and Madurese are the largest non-Javanese groups. A sense of Indonesian nationhood exists alongside strong divisional identities. Society is by and large harmonious, although social, religious and ethnic tensions have triggered horrendous violence. Chinese Indonesians are an authoritative ethnic minority comprising 3-4% of the population. Much of the countrys privately owned commerce and wealth is Chinese-Indonesian-controlled, which has contributed to considerable resentment, and even anti-Chinese violence.The official national language is Indonesian, a form of Malay. It is based on the prestige dialect of Malay, that of the Johor-Riau Sultanate, which for centuries had been the lingua franca of the archipelago, standards of which are the official languages in Singapore, Malaysia and Brunei. Indonesian is universally taught in schools consequently it is spoken by nearly every Indonesian. It is the language of business, politics, national media, education, and academia. It was promoted by Indonesian nationalists in the 1920s, and declared the official language under the name Bahasa Indonesia on the proclamation of independence in 1945. Most Indonesians speak at least one of the several hundred local languages and dialects, often as their archetypical language. Of these, Javanese is the just about widely spoken as the language of the largest ethnic group. On the other hand, Papua has over 270 indigenous Papuan and Austronesia languages, in a region of about 2.7 million people.While religious freedom is stipulated in the Indonesian constitution, the government officially recognizes only six religions I slam, Protestantism, Roman Catholicism, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Confucianism. Although it is not an Muslim state, Indonesia is the worlds most populous Muslim-majority nation, with 86.1% of Indonesians being Muslim according to the 2000 census. On 21 May 2011 the Indonesian Sunni-Shia Council (MUHSIN) was established. The council aims to hold gatherings, dialogues and social activities. It was an answer to violence pull in the name of religion. The majority of Muslims in Indonesia are Sunni. 9% of the population was Christian, 3% Hindu, and 2% Buddhist or other. Most Indonesian Hindus are Balinese, and most Buddhists in modern-day Indonesia are ethnic Chinese. though without delay minority religions, Hinduism and Buddhism remain defining inclines in Indonesian ending. Islam was counterbalance adopted by Indonesians in northern Sumatra in the 13th century, through the influence of traders, and became the countrys dominant religion by the 16th century. Roman Catholicism was brou ght to Indonesia by early Portuguese colonialists and missionaries, and the Protestant denominations are largely a result of Dutch Calvinist and Lutheran missionary efforts during the countrys colonial period. A large proportion of Indonesians-such as the Javanese abangan, Balinese Hindus, and Dayak Christians-practice a less orthodox, syncretic form of their religion, which draws on local customs and beliefs.ECONOMIC OVERVIEW OF INDONESIAIndonesia has a mixed frugality in which two the private arena and government play epochal roles. The country is the largest thrift in Southeast Asia and a member of the G-20 major economies. Indonesias estimated gross national product (nominal), as of 2010 was US$706.73 one thousand thousand with estimated nominal per capita gross domestic product was US$3,015, and per capita GDP PPP was US$4,394 (international dollars). June 2011 At earth Economic Forum on East Asia, Indonesian president tell Indonesia depart be in the top ten countries with the strongest rescue indoors the next decade. The Gross domestic product (GDP) is about $1 one thousand million and the debt ratio to the GDP is 26%. The industriousness celestial sphere is the economys largest and accounts for 46.4% of GDP (2010), this is followed by aids (37.1%) and culture (16.5%). However, since 2010, the service empyrean has employed more(prenominal) people than other sectors, accounting for 48.9% of the chalk up labor force this has been followed by agriculture (38.3%) and industry (12.8%). land, however, had been the countrys largest employer for centuriesIndonesia, a vast polyglot nation, grew an estimated 6.1% and 6.4% in 2010 and 2011, respectively. The government make scotch advances under the first administration of president YUDHOYONO (2004-09), introducing world-shattering reforms in the financial sector, including tax and customs reforms, the use of Treasury bills, and capital commercialize ontogeny and supervision. During the wo rldwide financial crisis, Indonesia outperformed its regional neighbors and joined China and India as the only G20 members posting growth in 2009. The government has promoted fiscally materialistic policies, resulting in a debt-to-GDP ratio of less than 25%, a sharp current account unembellished, a fiscal deficit below 2%, and historically low posts of inflation. Fitch and Moodys upgraded Indonesias credit rating to enthronization grade in December 2011. Indonesia still struggles with poverty and unemployment, inadequate infrastructure, corruption, a complex regulatory environment, and unequal resource distribution among regions. The government in 2012 faces the ongoing challenge of improving Indonesias insufficient infrastructure to remove impediments to economical growth, labor unrest over wages, and reducing its fuel subsidy schedule in the face of rising oil prices.GDP (official exchange range)$832.9 billion (2011 est.)GDP real growth rate6.5% (2011 est.)country compar ison to the world 396.2% (2010 est.)4.6% (2009 est.)GDP per capita (PPP)$4,700 (2011 est.)country comparison to the world 157$4,400 (2010 est.)$4,200 (2009 est.)note data are in 2011 US dollarsGDP composition by sectorAgriculture 14.7%Industry 47.2% run 38.1% (2011 est.)Industrial production growth rate4.1% (2011 est.)country comparison to the world 78CURRENCYcOVERVIEW OFINDUSTRIES, trade AND COMMERCEThe industries in Indonesia are classified as followsAgriculture With 42.1% of the come labor force engaged in agriculture, Indonesia can be justly considered an agrarian economy. The sector contributed 14.4% to the countrys GDP in 2009. In 2006, the country yielded sustenance crops worth 213,529,700 million rupiahs, which was 35% more than the 2003 level. Rice and coffee be the major producer of the country, making it the worlds quaternth fully growngest producer of these products.Textile and curry The textile and apparel manufacturing industry of Indonesia ranks 14th in the world. In 2008, the appraise added by textiles and clothing manufacturing dropped to 1.2%. Industry was hard hit by the global recession of the late 2000s. Around 155 textile production companies went part in 2009 due to an increase in the cost of production and enormous inflow of cheap stuff from ChinaMining The fall in commodity prices in 2009, due to the global economic downturn, resulted in several major mining companies putting their investment plans on hold. However, the mining industry is expected to reach US$123 billion by 2014, with twelvemonthly growth of 10%-11% from 2010 onwards. Increase in international take can be seen in the Indonesian coal sector, later on the significant number of deals that took place in the last quarter of 2009.Tourism Tourism is among the biggest economy boosters in Indonesia. This is apparent in the fact that 6.45 million visitors came to the country in 2009, patronage of hotel bombings in Jakarta. Tourism contributes 3% to the GDP of the c ountry. The tourism growth plan for 2010 aims at 7 million outside tourists. However, this is much lower than that of its diminutive neighbor Singapore, which was visited by 9.5 million people in 2009.Other Industries rock oil and natural gas, footwear, cement, chemical fertilizers, plywood, food, etc.ECONOMIC SECTORSOn 25 January 2011, after negotiation by Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and visiting President of Indonesia Susilo Bambang Yudhoyuno, India and Indonesia had signed business deals worth billions of dollars and set an ambitious target of two-baser trade over the next five years. Tourism wise, Indonesia is one of only 14 countries in which tourist visas prior to entry are not required in India. Indian subjects also are issued tourist visas on arrival in Indonesia.India also has further economic ties with Indonesia through its free trade agreement with ASEAN, of which Indonesia is a member.President of Indonesia Sukarno was the first chief lymph node at the annu al Republic day parade of India. In the year 2011 too, President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyuno was the chief guest for the same.In 1998, agriculture accounted for 19.5 percent of Indonesias add together GDP, industry for 45.3 percent, and services for 35.2 percent, a quite different scenario than in decades past. For the first 20 years after independence in 1945, the agricultural sector contributed more than 50 percent of the nations GDP from independence. There was little development of industry, and production per capita was no more than it had been when Indonesia was a Dutch colony. From 1965-74 there were fewer major industrial projects due to the still weak economy and a strategy of import substitution, which created more jobs.In the early 1970s the placement of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) raised oil prices, greatly increase Indonesias tradeing income. Indonesia used this windfall, as well as profits from high prices for equatorial agricultural products in the 197 0s, to build heavy industries, such as firebrand, and forward- aspect technologies, such as aeronautics. By the 1980s this industrialization process allowed festering industries such as steel, aluminum, and cement production to reduce the dependence of the economy on agriculture.These industries, especially the high-tech ones, met with only mixed success, and none of them generated the significant employment required by such a populous country. Agriculture and natural resources were still important to the economy, and Indonesias economy was vulnerable to frequent changes in the prices of these commodities, as well as of oil and gas. Oil earnings dropped in 1982-83 from US$18.825 billion to US$14.744 billion and kept falling over the next 2 years. Non-oil merchandises grew but not enough to make up for the fall in earnings. As Indonesias balance of payments became negative, the World Bank pushed Indonesia to clean its markets, and beginning in the mid-1980s the government initia ted reforms to boost manufactured trades in roam to streng thus the economy. These measures included a currency de-valuation to helper make exports competitive, export incentives, the relaxation of rules on foreign investment and trade, and an end to some monopolies, such as plasticsOVERVIEW OF BUSINESS AND TRADE AT INTERNATIONAL LEVELIndonesia carries exports and imports at an international level as well.Indonesia Exports Commodities-Oil gas, Plywood, Textiles, Rubber, Electrical appliances, etc.Indonesia Imports Commodities-Machinery and equipment, Chemicals, Fuels, Foodstuffs, etc.FDI rules in Indonesia allow 100% FDI investment in selected areas of business only. It limits foreign cover investment to 95%, with a minimum of 5% ownership by an Indonesian. It allows FDI investment with certain conditions that stipulates the sectors which are closed to FDI investment. mete outTRADE coronation COMPLEMENTARITIESIndia Indonesia bilateral trade is at least two millennia old. In the old-fashioned past, the two nations used to trade in spices, timbers, minerals, precious stones, cotton silk.In present, trade ties have not realized their true potential which can be attributed to the lack of imaginative. Planning as well as ignorance on the part of the business communities of the two countries.Now India and Indonesia are increasingly seen as emerging Asian economies. trade and investment complementary need to be comprehensively explored.As a result of the continued growth of Indias economic transaction with the ASEAN from 1970 onwards, the amount of trade grew in volume. By 1982 the ASEAN countries shared Indias export which had been 2.6 percent in 1970 had risen to 4.2 % .During the same period Indias total imports from the region had risen.PRESENT TRADE RELATIONS OF INDIA AND INDONESIAhttp//www.ecaii.org/images/stories/header.jpgToday, both the countries maintain cooperative and golden relations. India and Indonesia are two of the few democracies in Asian region which can be projected as a real democracy. As fissure Asian democracies that share common values, it is natural for both countries to nurture and cherish strategic alliance. Indonesia and India are member states of the G-20, the E7 (countries), the Non-aligned Movement, and the United Nations.With an expanding economy and increasingly lucky investment climate, Indonesia stands as a key economic entity in the ASEAN region. Its abundance of natural resources and a palmy manufacturing sector have chequerd a sure-fire relationship with the booming Indian economy in areas of trade and investment.Though trade relations were formalized with the signing of a Trade capital of New Hampshire in 1978, there was an absence of a forum for periodic talks between the two countries. The bilateral effort was revitalized with the first ever India-Indonesia Joint Commission Meeting (JCM) held in Yogyakarta in September 2003. The confrontation resulted in the formation of an India-Indon esia Expert Working group with the patriarchal verifiable of enhancing and diversifying bilateral trade and investment relations. So far, the JCM has met thrice with the most novel-fashioned meeting in 2007, producing a comprehensive Plan of Action in areas comprising trade, infrastructure, and investment. This underlines the increasing political support for the bilateral process which would provide the much-needed political impetus to deepen economic relations between the two countries.Indonesia is presently Indias second-largest export market in ASEAN (second only to Singapore). India mainly exports refined fossil oil products, oil seeds, chemicals and iron and steel products to Indonesia. On the other hand, it is one of Indonesias largest buyers of megascopic oil and further, imports its mining, petroleum and paper products. In 2006, Indias exports increase by 33.77 per cent to US$1.407 billion from US$1.052 billion in 2005. Imports on the other hand grew by 17.18 per cent in 2006 to US$3.39 billion from US$2.878 billion the previous year. The two countries intend to work towards a chuck up the sponge Trade Agreement (FTA) with an aim to boost bilateral trade to US$10 billion by 2010.In the area of investment, there are more than twenty major Indian manufacturing joint ventures in Indonesia. volume of these investments were undertaken in the 1970s and 80s mainly in textiles, synthetic fiber and steel industries with India being among the top 5 investors in Indonesia up to 1985. Major Indian companies that established themselves in this phase included, the Lohia Group (Indorama Synthetics), Ispat Group (Indo Ispat), Aditya Birla Group (having four units in textiles and yarns) and Tolaram Group among others.The recent upturn in the Indonesian economy and the sequent political change has encouraged a greater emphasis on investments in new industries. There has been a distinct shift from primary raw material industries to automobiles, infrastructure, energy, and services. TVS Motors of Chennai has invested US$45 million in a motorcycle plant near Jakarta temporary hookup Bajaj Auto is converting tralatitious three wheelers into CNG-powered ones and launched its new two wheeler model Bajaj Pulsar in the Indonesian market in November 2006. Various private entities have also do investments in areas like coal mining, plantations for bio-fuels and extraction of minerals. Along with investments in new industries, new Indian players have started making an entry into the Indonesian market. Companies like the Tata Power Company Limited and Essar Steel Limited are looking to invest in energy and steel along with public sector giants such as the National Aluminum Company Limited (NALCO), National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC), and Rail India Technical and Economic Services Limited (RITES).On the other hand, Indonesian investment in India is kind of low and ranks 36th in the FDI inflow to India. Though there has been increasing part icipation by Indonesian groups especially in West Bengal, the blind drunk regulatory climate in India is perceived as a primary deterrent for Indonesian companies looking to invest in a big way. Limited designate flights between the two countries and restrictive visa requirements by India have further proved to be a hindrance to greater Indonesian participation in India.Recently, the two countries have been at fellow heads over differences pertaining to the India-ASEAN FTA. Indonesia has been pushing for greater access of its palm oil exports to India while India wants a reworking of the negative list put forward by Indonesia. Further, at a bilateral level, there are also issues pertaining to the Indian indigence for the removal of non-tariff barriers on its exports of nub and processed foods. Though India is one of the largest exporters of halal bovine meat in the world, Indonesia continues to ban Indias bovine meat and milk products on the grounds that India is not free from F oot and Mouth indisposition (FMD).Despite the mentioned issues between the two countries, there is optimism about the potential that exists for greater economic ties. With both countries facing daunting infrastructural and energy challenges, there is awe-inspiring opportunity for investments on both sides. With opportunities and forum for cooperation in place, it is important that economic actors in both countries step up and work towards enhancing economic partnerships. Companies in both countries need to actualize potential synergies for their mutual benefit and ensure that attempts at cooperation are not restricted to inter-governmental meetings and commissions.PESTEL compendium of Indonesia considering the TOURISM sedulousnessPolitical analysisIndonesia is considered as Republic country. It declared its independence on 17th August 1945 from Japan so 17thAugust is the national holiday. Indonesia is legal rules and regulations arebased on Roman-Dutch law. Theirconstitution has abrogated by Federal Constitution in 1949and Provisional Constitution abrogated in 1950 which restored on 5 July 1959.Political stableness In Indonesia after every five year election is being contested for president and vice president post by direct vote of the citizenry. Last time it was held on 8 July 2009 (next tobe held in July 2014) Susilo Bambang has elected as president and Muhammad Yusuf Kalla is the Vice-President. Similarly, Cabinet also appointed by the president. So for next 5 years there are more chances of stability of the government.Indonesia is a republic with a presidential corpse. As a unitary state, power is concentrated in the central government. Following the endurance of President Suharto in 1998, Indonesian political and governmental structures have undergone major reforms. Four amendments to the 1945 Constitution of Indonesia have revamped the executive, judicial, and legislative branches. The president of Indonesia is the head of state, commander-in-chief of the Indonesian National Armed Forces, and the director of domestic governance, policy-making, and foreign affairs. The president appoints a council of ministers, who is not required to be elected members of the legislature. The 2004 presidential election was the first in which the people directly elected the president and vice president. The president may serve a maximum of two consecutive five-year terms.The highest interpretive program body at national level is the Peoples Consultative Assembly (MPR). Its main functions are supporting and amending the constitution, inaugurating the president, and formalizing broute outlines of state policy. It has the power to impeach the president.The MPR comprises two houses the Peoples Representative Council (DPR), with 560 members, and the Regional Representative Council (DPD), with 132 members. The DPR passes legislation and monitors the executive branch party-aligned members are elected for five-year terms by proportional representation . Reforms since 1998 have markedly increased the DPRs role in national governance. The DPD is a new chamber for matters of regional management.Most civil disputes appear before a State address (Pengadilan Negeri) appeals are heard before the High coquette (Pengadilan Tinggi). The Supreme Court (Mahkamah Agung) is the countrys highest court, and hears final cessation appeals and conducts case reviews. Other courts include the Commercial Court, which handles loser and insolvency a State Administrative Court (Pengadilan Tata Negara) to hear administrative law cases against the government a Constitutional Court (Mahkamah Konstitusi) to hear disputes concerning legality of law, ordinary elections, dissolution of political parties, and the scope of authority of state institutions and a unearthly Court (Pengadilan Agama) to deal with codified Sharia Law casesPolitical scenario will play a pivotal role in defining the flourishing of tourism in Indonesia. If there are less political con flicts then tourists all over the world will feel safe in travelling. Even after the starting of the business in Indonesia it becomes a trade to maintain the safety and health of the travelers especially those travelling through road and rail..ECONOMIC ANALYSISIndonesia has a mixed economy in which both the private sector and government play significant roles. The country is the largest economy in Southeast Asia and a member of the economies. Indonesias estimated gross domestic product (nominal), as of 2010 was US$706.73 billion with estimated nominal per capita GDP was US$3,015, and per capita GDP PPP was US$4,394 (international dollars).June 2011 At World Economic Forum on East Asia, Indonesian president said Indonesia will be in the top ten countries with the strongest economy within the next decade. The Gross domestic product (GDP) is about $1 trillion and the debt ratio to the GDP is 26%. The industry sector is the economys largest and accounts for 46.4% of GDP (2010), this is followed by services (37.1%) and agriculture (16.5%). However, since 2010, the service sector has employed more people than other sectors, accounting for 48.9% of the total labor force, this has been followed by agriculture (38.3%) and industry (12.8%).Agriculture, however, had been the countrys largest employer for centuries.According to World Trade Organization data, Indonesia was the 27th biggest exporting country in the world in 2010, moving up three places from a year before. Indonesias main export markets (2009) are Japan (17.28%), Singapore (11.29%), the United States (10.81%), and China (7.62%). The major suppliers of imports to Indonesia are Singapore (24.96%), China (12.52%), and Japan (8.92%). In 2005, Indonesia ran a trade surplus with export revenues of US$83.64 billion and import expenditure of US$62.02 billion. The country has extensive natural resources, including crude oil, natural gas, tin, copper, and gold. Indonesias major imports include machinery and equipment , chemicals, fuels, and foodstuffs. And the countrys major export commodities include oil and gas, electrical appliances, plywood, rubber, and textiles.Prime lending rate If we talk about their commercial Bank prime lending interest rate it is quiet decent which is 6.41% and their Central bank discount rate is 10.83%. (CIA, 2009)Business or individual tax systemTax system has various rules and categories for example on first 25,000,000 income rate of tax is 10% then on next 25,000,000 it is 15% and on next 50,000,000 it is 30%. In the same way Income Tax on interest from Indonesian banks is fixed at a final 15% for both companies and individualsSOCIO-CULTURAL ANALYSISIndonesia has about 300 ethnic groups, each with cultural identities developed over centuries, and influenced by Indian, Arabic, Chinese, and European sources. Traditional Javanese and Balinese dances, for example, contain aspects of Hindu culture and mythology, as do wayang kulit (shadow puppet) performances. Textiles such as batik, ikat, ulos and songket are created across Indonesia in styles that vary by region. The most dominant influences on Indonesian architecture have conventionally been Indian however, Chinese, Arab, and European architectural influences have been significant.Sports in Indonesia are generally male-orientated and spectator sports are often associated with illegal gambling. The most popular sports are badminton and football. Indonesian players have won the doubting Thomas cupful (the world team championship of mens badminton) thirteen of the twenty-six times that it has been held since 1949, as well as numerous surpassing medals since the sport gained full Olympic status in 1992. Its women have won the Uber Cup, the female equivalent of the Thomas Cup, twice, in 1994 and 1996. Liga Indonesia is the countrys premier football club league. Traditional sports include sepak takraw, and mother fucker racing in Madura. In areas with a history of tribal warfare, treat fighting contests are held, such as, caci in Flores, and pasola in Sumba. Pencak Silat is an Indonesian soldierlike art.Indonesian cuisine varies by region and is based on Chinese, European, shopping center Eastern, and Indian precedents. Rice is the main staple food and is served with side dishes of meat and vegetables. Spices (notably chili), coconut milk, fish and chicken are fundamental ingredients. Indonesian traditional music includes gamelan and keroncong. The Indonesian film industrys popularity peaked in the 1980s and henpecked cinemas in Indonesia, although it declined significantly in the early 1990s. Between 2000 and 2005, the number of Indonesian films released each year has steadily increased.The oldest evidence of writing in Indonesia is a series of Sanskrit inscriptions dated to the 5th century. Important figures in modern Indonesian literature include Dutch author Multatuli, who criticized treatment of the Indonesians under Dutch colonial rule Sumatrans Muhammad Yamin and Hamka, who were influential pre-independence nationalist writers and politicians and proletarian writer Pramoedya Ananta Toer, Indonesias most famous novelist. Many of Indonesias peoples have strongly rooted oral traditions, which help to define and preserve their cultural identities.Media freedom in Indonesia increased advantageously after the end of President Suhartos rule, during which the now-defunct Ministry of Information monitored and controlled domestic media, and restricted foreign media. The TV market includes ten national commercial networks, and provincial networks that struggle with public TVRI. Private radio stations carry their own parole bulletins and foreign broadcasters supply programs. At a reported 25 million users in 2008, Internet usage was estimated at 12.5% in September 2009.More than 30 million cell phones are sold in Indonesia each year, and 27 percent of them are local brands. This has formed the lifestyle of the people in Indonesia.While starting a tou rism business in Indonesia the attractions of the place need to be identified first. Tourists all over the world